Tue Oct 27 · 1:30–2:30 PM ET

The Future of Software Development in the Age of AI

Tue Oct 27 · 1:30–2:30 PM ET · Tim, Justina, Garrett · ✂ = cut first if behind

1:30–1:344 min

Open

Tim O’Reilly

Founder and CEO of O’Reilly Media, who helped shape open source and Web 2.0 and now writes about mechanism design for the human-AI economy.

Justina Nixon-Saintil

IBM’s Global Chief Impact Officer, whose work includes IBM SkillsBuild and AI skills for the next generation.

Garrett Rowe

Founder and CEO of NeuralSeek, a Navy veteran and former IBMer whose company builds governed AI agents for enterprises.

1:34–1:439 min

Act 1: Coding was never the job

Framing

We often talk about AI through the lens of code generation, but I think the bigger story is what software development has always been about. Organizations don’t hire developers to write code. They hire developers to create value by building features, solving problems, and evolving systems. For decades, writing code was the primary way we accomplished those things. Today, AI is starting to challenge that assumption.

If AI can increasingly handle implementation, we’re forced to ask a bigger question: Are developers simply becoming more productive, or are we witnessing a fundamental shift in what it means to be a software developer? Is coding still the center of the profession, or is the role evolving toward architecture, judgment, problem solving, and leadership?

Tim

You’ve watched multiple technology revolutions reshape industries. Is AI simply making developers more efficient, or are we witnessing a fundamental redefinition of the profession?

Expect: he agrees, and adds that AI makes the work more technical (context; deterministic vs probabilistic).

Tim, follow-up★ Tim priority · never cut

“Everyone says that if code is cheap, taste is what matters. I suspect you think it’s more than taste. If AI is an expressive medium, what software is worth keeping and sharing?”

Expect: the creative spark, not taste. Software like speech: throwaway functional utterances, and expressive ones worth keeping. Explanatory, persuasive, exploratory software; science and art.

Garrett

As a founder building with AI every day, where do you see developers creating the most value today that they weren’t creating two years ago?

Justina

When you think about the future workforce, should we still be educating developers the same way we did five years ago?

You, if useful

“On my side project, the AI wrote nearly all the code; my job was deciding and reviewing.”

“If the job is changing, what becomes possible?”

1:43–1:507 min

Act 2: Reinvention, not replacement

Framing

When new technologies emerge, our first instinct is often to focus on what becomes automated or what might disappear. But history tells a different story. The most profound technology shifts don’t just make existing work more efficient, they enable entirely new kinds of work.

We saw this with the internet, with smartphones, and with cloud computing. As capabilities expanded and costs dropped, people built products and experiences that would have been impossible to imagine just a few years earlier.

So perhaps the more interesting question isn’t what AI replaces. It’s what AI makes possible. What can developers, startups, and organizations build now that was previously too expensive, too complex, or simply out of reach?

Tim

You’ve compared today’s AI tools to BASIC and the browser: the platform, not the killer app. What’s the VisiCalc or Amazon of AI going to look like, and what’s it waiting for?

Expect: VisiCalc, Amazon, “it’s spring 1997.” Let it run; cut Act 3’s debate.

“Tim says we’ll all know AI’s killer app when it arrives, the way everyone knew Amazon. Until then, builders are finding out what the platform can do.”

Garrett

What products or experiences can small teams create today because AI has dramatically lowered the cost of building?

Expect: a team of five can compete with a big company.

“Possible for whom? That depends on skills.”

1:50–1:599 min

Act 3: The new skill set

Framing

Throughout the history of software development, we’ve tended to reward developers for their ability to implement. The best engineers were often the ones who could solve the hardest technical problems, write the most elegant code, or build the most complex systems.

But if AI increasingly handles implementation, the skills that differentiate great developers may start to shift. Defining requirements, providing context, exercising judgment, communicating clearly, and making architectural decisions may become just as important as technical execution.

At the same time, this raises an important workforce question. If AI takes over many of the tasks that traditionally helped junior developers learn and grow, how do we ensure we’re still building the next generation of technical leaders?

I’d love to get each of your perspectives on what skills matter most in this new era.

Garrett

When you hire developers today, what capabilities are you looking for beyond technical expertise?

Justina

You’ve distinguished AI literacy, understanding the tools, from AI fluency: applying them to meaningful work, evaluating outputs critically, and exercising sound judgment. How do we teach fluency, and not just literacy?

Debate, all

If AI becomes increasingly capable of implementation, do the best developers start looking more like architects, product leaders, and systems thinkers?

You, if useful

The AI said “honestly” because my own essays did; the fix was editing my writing.

“Fluency comes from practice. Where do beginners get it now?”

1:59–2:089 min

Act 4: The junior developer dilemma

Expect real disagreement: the liveliest act. Let it run; trim Act 5.

Framing

One of the biggest questions facing the industry right now isn’t about technology. It’s about talent.

For decades, developers learned their craft by doing the work that today is increasingly being assisted or automated by AI. Writing code, fixing bugs, testing applications, and working through implementation details helped people develop the judgment and experience needed to become senior engineers and technical leaders.

So, if AI is changing how that work gets done, what does that mean for the next generation? How do we provide meaningful entry points into the profession while still taking advantage of AI’s productivity gains? And perhaps most importantly, how do we make sure we’re not solving today’s efficiency problem at the expense of tomorrow’s talent pipeline?

I’d love to explore that from each of your perspectives.

Garrett

You previously mentioned a preference for hiring experienced developers. Why?

↳ Follow-up (gently): NeuralSeek runs intern cohorts; how do interns grow into the people you’d prefer to hire?

Justina

What concerns you about a future where organizations stop investing in entry-level talent?

Tim★ Tim priority · never cut

You’ve argued ordinary engineers, not heroic inventors, decide who wins. If entry-level work is how ordinary engineers were made, what’s the skill infrastructure for the next generation? And could some of it be expertise we invoke, the way we call a function?

Expect: context bundles are the new function calls, invoked in the LLM part, not the deterministic code. Dr. Strange: “By the wisdom of Kent Beck, write tidy code.” O’Reilly Expert MCP. Andrew Odewahn’s toil audit with the Google SRE Handbook.

You, if useful: “My CLAUDE.md is a small context bundle: the briefing for an expert new hire.”

“Who carries the responsibility as this speeds up?”

2:08–2:168 min

Act 5: Innovation vs responsibility

Framing

Throughout this conversation, we’ve talked about the incredible opportunities AI creates for developers and organizations. But every major technology shift comes with a responsibility to think beyond what we can do and consider what we should do.

History shows that innovation tends to move faster than governance. New technologies are adopted, organizations race to gain advantage, and only later do we begin to establish the guardrails, standards, and practices needed to ensure those technologies are safe, trustworthy, and beneficial.

AI is no different. Organizations today are trying to balance speed with responsibility, innovation with trust, and openness with appropriate safeguards. Those decisions aren’t just being made by governments or executives. They’re increasingly being made by developers, leaders, and founders every day.

I’d like to explore how each of you thinks about that balance.

Justina

How should organizations think about balancing innovation with trust?

Tim

You often frame these problems as mechanism design: start with the outcome you want, then design the rules that produce it. What mechanisms are we missing to make AI trustworthy, and to make sure its gains reach more than a few winners?

Garrett

You’ve written that you won’t put an agent in front of real users until its guardrails run before it acts, even when that makes the demo look slower, and that every agent needs one named person who answers for it when it gets something wrong. How do founders hold lines like that under competitive pressure?

All

We’ve seen employees at several AI companies publicly raise concerns about safety and ethics. What responsibility do practitioners have to speak up when they believe something is wrong?

You, if useful

In my own small app, the rules that mattered were made by one developer at a keyboard.

2:16–2:204 min

Closing question

Justina, then Garrett, then Tim

Five years from now, when people look back at this moment in history, what do you think we’ll realize we misunderstood about AI and software development?

Expect: Tim on organizations and diffusion, Justina on people and skills, Garrett on accountability.

Your last line

Coding is no longer the job; creating value remains the mission.

2:20–2:3010 min

Audience Q&A

2:28 · last question

2:30 · thank the panel and audience